Aeroplane



March 29, 1932. v K. CHESWRIGHT. 1,851,302

' AEROPLANE Filed July 12. 1929 /M% 6&1

Patented Mar. 29, 1932 PAT AEROIPLAN E I Application filed July 12,

My object in the present invention is to devise an aeroplane having wings with variable angles of incidence adapted to present the major portion of their lifting surfaces to 5 the propeller back draft, and receive a substantial lifting impulse from the action of the said back draft on the inclined surfaces of the wings, without interfering with the equilibrium of the aeroplane. The lifting impulse obtained enables the aeroplane to soar or descend at very reduced speeds, also by lessening the angle of incidence of the wings a corresponding increase in forward pull on the atmosphere is obtained, the aeroplane is then sustained by the combined action of its travelling speed and the propeller back draft on the wing surface presented.

I attain my object by employing a plurality of propellers and two planes having variable angles of incidence positioned and proportioned so that the major portion of their lifting surfaces can be exposed to the back draft of the propellers when required.

These planes are arranged at different levels, one in front of the center of gravity of the machine and the other behind.

The planes are positioned so that the cen ter of their lifting efl'ort is approximately in the vertical line through the center of gravity of the aeroplane and the center of gravity below the center of effort.

A horizontal stabilizing plane is also provided controlled by a pendulum, but also manually controllable for lifting and depressing purposes.

The vertical rudder may be of any known type.

The invention is hereinafter more specifically described, and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a side elevation;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of an aeroplane constructed in accordance with my invention.

In the drawings, which are more or less diagrammatic in character, 1 is the fuselage which may be of any suitable construction. The under-frame 2 carries landing wheels 3 and preferably also pontoons 4. To the forward end of the fuselage the plane or wing 5 is supported by a hinge intermediate its for- 1929. serial No. 377,787.

ward and rearward edges on the struts 6.' The rearward plane or wing 7 is also hinged intermediate its forward and rearwardedg'es'at the rear end of the fuselage. In the draw- 5 ings it is shown as hinged beneath therear'-' T .OFFHLCEF:

LEONARD K. CHESWRIGHT, OF SWANSEA ONTARIO, C A NADA. Q-z

ward end of a vertical stationary plane 8 securedto'the fuselage.

These planes are preferablynpositioned" with their center of lifting effort su'bstan tially equidistant from {the'center o'f'fth'ef gravity of the aeroplane, and are arranged at different levels. Usually it would be prefer: able that they should be positioned slo that at no time will their adjacent edges intersect c5 the plane of the pro'peller'shaftsl' Two propellers 9 areemployed journalled on parallel shafts. These propellers will usually be proportioned relative to the planes 5 and 7 so that the major portion of the liftingsurfaces of the latter is exposed to the back draft of the propellers.- A horizontal fixed stabilizing plane 10 is preferably employed secured to the fuselage. Behind this fixed plane is located a movable stabilizing plane 11 pivoted intermediate its front and rear edges on part of the fuselage, preferably the vertical plane 8. This plane may be actuated manually for lifting or depressing the aeroplane. A cable 12 running round suitable pulleys is provided for this purpose.

For the purpose of automatically actuating the plane 11 for stabilizing purposes, I pro vide a weighted pendulum 13 swinging in a fore and aft direction and adapted to actuate the pulley 14 to actuate the cable 12, and thus actuate the movable stabilizing plane. i

To simultaneously varythe angleto the horizontal of the planes 5 and 7, I provide the cables 15 and 16 running round suitable guide pulleys, which may be actuated in'a'ny suitable manner to move the planes 7 and 8. The planes 5 and 7 may thus be readily set to any suitable flying angle, or to an angle suitable for hovering.

An ordinary vertical rudder 17 is provided for steering purposes. The engine is indicated diagrammatically at 18. The engine shaft 19 by means of a bevel gearing 20 actuates the shafts 21, which by bevel gearing 22 actuate the propeller shafts 23.

Numerous modifications in the details of the construction may be made to fall within the scope of my invention.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. An aeroplane provided with two similar non-overlapplng planes, one positioned above and the other the same distance below the center line of traction of the; plane meansifer simultaneously and substantially equally y ng the angle of incidence of theplan'es and y "P P r fQma-rdl fifilthfi' forward plane, theplanes and propellers being so proportioned and positioned that the upper edge of one plane andthe lower edge of the other plane are equidistant from the plane in; which lies. the axes. of the propellers and that the lifting surfaces ofthe planes intercept substantially all the slip stream oi thepropellers, atsubstantially the same angle and substantially equally, whenthe planes are set at their maximum angle of incidence.

2. An aeroplane provided with twosimilar non-overla pinglplanes, one positioned. above and the ,ot er the same distance below the center line ozfitraction of the plane; means for simultaneouslyand vsubstantiallyt equallyvarying the angle of incidence of the planes; and, a plurality of propellers forward of the forward plane, the. planesand propellers. be-

ing so proportioned and positioned that the lifting surfaces of the planes intercept .substantially all the slipstream oi the propellers, at substantially thesameangle and substantially equally when the planes are set at their .maximum angle of incidence, the upper edgeof the upper plane and the lower edge of the lower plane, at the maximum angle of incidence, being spaced from the plane of the axes of the propellers adistanoe substantially equal to the propeller radius.

3. An aeroplane provided with two similar non-overlapping planes, one positioned above and the other the same distance below the. centre line oftractionofthe plane; propellingmeans forward of theforward plane; means for simultaneously and substantially equally varying the angles of? incidence of these planes, the planesbeing so-proportionedand; positioned that they substantially intercept the slip stream of, the propelling means at substantially the same angles and substantially equally when the planes aresetattheir maximum angles-ofrincidencethe upper'ed'ge of the forward plane andthe loweredge' oi therear plane at the maximnimangle of incidence being both positioned substantially within: the

slip stream.

Signed, at Toronto, Ganada-,.this 10th day" 

